Prevalence and distribution of refractive errors among adults in Athens-Greece (urban area)

The purpose of this research is to acquire a clear image about the distribution of refractive errors in Greece and more specific in Athens urban area. To calculate the type and rate of refractive errors. Α comparison of the results with those of older studies was conducted.

Material and methods: The participants were healthy adult individuals how did not suffer from any systemic of ophthalmic diseases. The participants were undergone automated objective refraction, and then there was a subjective refraction in each one of them with all these selective participants reached a visual acuity 6/6. Statistical analysis was performed in order to categorize the results and compared with other studies.

Results: Statistical analysis has shown that the mean spherical equivalent for the right eye was R: -1,312 D, while for the left eye was L: -1,2362 D and there was a high degree of positive correlation between the spherical equivalent for the right and the left eye (r=0,858). The average astigmatic error (CYL) was checked for the right eye and found R: -0,233 D, while for the left eye L: -0,2194 D and there was also a high degree of positive correlation of the astigmatic error between the right and left eye. In general, the frequency of myopia in the majority of the sample varied from -0,50 D to -2,00 D (R.E.: 31,80% L.E.: 35,40%prevalence) and the frequency of hyperopia is in the majority form +0,50 D to +2,00 D (R.E.: 19,80% L.E.: 18% prevalence). The astigmatic error is appeared with its biggest rate to be at ±0,25 with 57,20% prevalence and as for the axis of astigmatism, it appears to be 180° ±20° in most cases. In the population sample of 500 individuals, on the right eye, the myopic prevalence rate was 63,33% while, the hyperopic prevalence rate was 36,67%, while for the left eye, the myopic prevalence rate was 61,12% the hyperopic prevalence rate was 38,88%.

Conclusions: The prevalence of myopia is higher in Greek adult population, than the prevalence of hyperopia in this region. There is a difference of more than 40%. It seems that astigmatism is not a serious refractive problem in this region compared to the rest of the world.

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